Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

Y. Amjad · N.A.M Naseem · W.N.W. Azman-Saini · Tajul Ariffin Masron · K. Kriskkumar ·Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia ·2018

Export has been considered as main contributor to economic growth in which also known as export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis. The purpose of this study is to identify the export-led growth nexus in Malaysia. Specifically, this study focuses on disaggregated level of exports such as export of goods and manufactured sectors. By using ARDL co-integration technique for data that covers from 1980 to 2015, the result discovers that exports have positive impact on economic growth, particularly at disaggregated levels of exports namely exports of goods and export of manufactured sectors. This further supports the validation of the export-led growth hypothesis, especially in small, open and dynamic economy like Malaysia. From policy point of view, Malaysia policy makers should give special focus to search for better catalyst of exports promotion strategy to continuously and effectively promote long-term economic growth.

Muhamad Rias K V Zainuddin · Md Shafiin Shukor · Muhamad Solehuddin Zulkifli · Amirul Hamza Abdullah ·Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia ·2021 ·JEL: F10, F14

The recent pandemic outbreak has distorted international trade flows as the global economic activity reaches a nearstandstill due to stricter movement control imposed by most countries worldwide. Despite gaining the researcher’s attention, the impact of Covid-19 on trade performances are still relatively understudied. Hence, this study aims to analyse the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak on the bilateral sectoral export for Malaysia. This study employs Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) regressions to analyse the sectoral impact in gravity models. The findings provide new perspectives on the varying impacts of the current pandemic outbreak on sectoral trade performances. The dummy variables that represent the existence of Covid-19 have significantly reduced bilateral exports for 11 sectors while increased the exports for seven sectors. Meanwhile, the severity of the Covid-19 outbreak (measured by the number of new cases and death cases) in Malaysia has negative impacts on 14 sectors. The reason for this is that when the current pandemic outbreak in Malaysia is more severe, the government has to enforce stricter movement controls that affect productions and reduce exports. On the other hand, the severity of the Covid-19 outbreak in trading partners has positive impacts on the export for 13 sectors in Malaysia. This is because the more severe pandemic outbreak in trading nations causes lower production capacities and thus higher dependence on imported goods. Differences between the impact of Covid-19 existence and severity by sectors should serve as a red flag for Malaysia’s policymakers to take immediate actions to minimise the impact of the ongoing pandemic outbreak and maximise gains from sectors that have higher demand post Covid-19. The net negative impact on the export performance further reiterates the need for government intervention policies to ensure domestic firms can withstand the current tide, which then minimises the social and economic impacts and helps the economy to recover.